Carbon Fiber

Carbon Fiber report Table of Contents Introduction 3 Historical events of Carbon fiber 3 Properties 4 Applications 4 Conclusion 5 Bibliography 6 Introduction There are a lot of new materials that has emerged and been used by engineers and scientists such as Aerogel, Metal foam, Bioplastic, Carbon fiber, Graphene and others. This is helping engineers build all new types of machines and instruments such as touch screen mobiles, automobile sensors, computers, planes and a lot more.This report will focus on a certain material called Carbon fiber. This material is being used lot due to It Is properties, for example Carbon fiber is five times stronger than steel and weighs three times less. Most cars use steel for body parts but imagine replacing steel with carbon fiber that would open a whole new road for car industries. The report will discuss some historical events and background information about carbon fiber. Also, it will focus on carbon fiber properties and two applications for It.H istorical events of Carbon fiber In the late 1800s Thomas Edison carbonized bamboo and cotton to produce filaments for his light bulbs Oohnson. n. d. ). In 1958 Roger Bacon created high performance carbon fibers at the Union Carbide. His method was to heat strands of a material called rayon (artificial silk) until they are carbonized, but this method proved to be inadequate because the resulting fibers had only carried 20% of carbon and the properties of it were Inefficient, such as low strength and stiffness (â€Å"Carbon (fiber) ,n. d. † ).In the early 1960s the process of Carbon fber was developed by Dr. Akio Shindo at Agency Of Industrial Science and Technology of Japan, which improved carbon fiber and contained 50% of carbon (â€Å"Carbon (fiber), n. d. In 1963, the properties of carbon fiber were acknowledged, such as high strength, by W. Watt, L. N. Philips and W. Johnson at the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough, Hampshire (â€Å"Carbon (fiber), n. d. † ). In the early 1960s, engineers began applying carbon fiber to aircraft because of it Is properties like high strength and light weight.The results of using carbon fiber In this area made aircraft much lighter, faster and also heat resistant due to the aircraft Itself and atmospherically (Johnson, n. d. ). 1 OF3 Between tne years a IYBU, Caroon TIDer was manuTacturea to De given to tne ilitary and also was produced to be used in sports such as NASCAR and Formula 1 to make the vehicles lighter and faster Oohnson, n. d. ). In the early 21st century, the manufacturing of Carbon fiber had expanded greatly through Asia, Europe and the United states, because the industries had been requesting Carbon fiber, industries such as sports and aerospace Oohnson, n. . ). Properties Carbon fiber is a material that belongs to the family of polymers. It is made with an extremely thin strings of carbon (like hair) that are twisted, then the strings are oven together to make it look like a piece of fabric. To make the shape of the fabric- carbon permanent is to place it over a selected mold or any shape that is desired and then it is covered with a stiff liquid resin or liquid plastic. Finally, it dries up to maintain the selected shape (Deaton, n. d. . Carbon fiber has a lot of amazing properties and characteristics, such as high strength and high rigidity, even though it is relatively light; it is like the property of steel's strength and the lightness of plastic combined in one material. Also, Carbon fiber resists fire and heat because the aterial itself reflects heat competently if it is in a condition of a dense layer, which leads us to the matter of expansion due to heat; this material has a low expansion to heat unlike steel.Comparing steel to Carbon fiber, steel has a low corrosion resistivity which means it is more susceptible to rust unlike carbon fiber that has a high corrosion resistivity (â€Å"Carbon fiber characteristics, n. d. † ). Carbon fiber can abso rb vibration, in other words a good vibration damping (Kiron, n. d. ). which opens a door to set or attach carbon fiber to moving machines or automobiles. Moreover, Carbon fiber appears in x-ray vision thus it cannot be stolen or for any illegal activity. Also, in a medical view, Carbon fiber is being used to support limbs or injured knees but this study is still to be researched Oohnson, n. . ). Applications Carbon fiber can be used in so many ways; it can be customized for customer's desire. In this section two applications will be discussed which are automotive and military. Carbon fiber is used for automobile racing and styling, for example car parts such as the hood (bonnet) for it is heat resistivity, trunk, lip, fender, car rims (wheels) nd much more to make the car lighter, faster, able to absorb vibration and more attractive. In addition, if the car is lighter it means that less fuel will be used.Also, the bodies of motorcycle racing which are called fairings are made out o f Carbon fiber; these fairings are especially designed for racing. Exhausts (mufflers) are also made out of carbon fiber for both cars and motorcycles for carbon's fiber heat resistivity and sound. Carbon fiber not only plays an important role in the racing world but also will play in the normal daily world in cars (â€Å"Carbon (fiber),n. d. † ). Carbon fiber is used in the military; it is used in planes, tanks, military cars, missiles even soldier's personal gear such as a helmet, boots, rifles, armor other equipment.Less weight means less energy and faster movement whether if it is a vehicle or a human. Of course there is a lot of information for using Carbon fiber for military reasons, but it is classified, only shallow information is given to civilians Oohnson, n. d. ). Conclusion 10 sum up, tne nlstory 0T Caroon TIDer was 01scussea ana looked Into tnrougnout tne years of development and the people who played an important role in the history of his material were introduc ed. Also, the family of the material was identified and the making of Carbon fiber was explained thoroughly.Carbon fiber has outstanding properties such as high rigidity, strength and low weight. To add, Carbon fiber has been widely used in applications such as automobiles and military. These two examples are two of many applications that are being used for carbon fiber in everyday life. Although carbon fiber can be very expensive, it is still used in many industries. Engineers can use Carbon fiber in many designs in various applications hat can be used for people such as modern bicycles, cars, baseball bats, fishing rods and much more.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-based_lifehttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/fuel-economy/carbon-fiber-oil-crisis.htmhttps://www.thoughtco.com/uses-of-carbon-fiber-820394https://www.thoughtco.com/applications-of-carbon-fiber-820384http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/http://www.christinedemerchant.com/carboncharacteristics.htmlhttps://ai tracing.com/

Pork Barrel

Pork barrel literally takes the meaning of setting apart budgets, which initially were taken from the people's money, for the realization of the proposed development projects of the members of the Congress of the Philippines. It usually is intended to benefit a group of citizens of a certain politician in return of their political support, which were either in the form of campaigning or in the voting process. To have these purposes be done neatly is a challenge for every politician.The temptation gets the otter of them at times, and this heads into the downside of having a pork barrel. Normally, in the English language, either addition or omission of words or letters always brings about another meaning into a word/group of words. Just like when pork barrel and scam meets halfway, its result you would never want to hear. But if every politician Just works with conscience, then we won't have any fear in mind regarding the collision of the words. But if otherwise, then it would not prod uce good feedbacks from the people.The Idea of whether or not to abolish the pork barrel is too hard to decide. But if I were to, I would have chosen not to take it away from the system of government. Yes, I may have stated downfalls In some parts of this essay, but I have a larger picture captured in mind. The outcome of abolishing this system I would always fear. What would happen to the Filipino people if the pork barrel for the betterment of the nation Is abolished? Every people must remember this system had its ups In terms of building roads and bridges, program for farmers, scholarships or deserving people, among others.Now, if the pork barrel Is to be scrapped, then It should be a challenge to the government to ensure that those who benefit from the program will not be affected. And that Is exactly what would happen If It Is abolished, there will be no guarantee that these people will continue their education and receive other significant assistance. Thus, the solution for It shall not be termination, but to have a greater commitment and accountability In Its utilization. Pork Barrel A cure, a treat, an alliance, a devastation or just a play. What do we really know about that so called Pork Barrel? All nation introduce to there governance the power of pork barrel stating that it’s a program serving righteous benefits for the society that concentrates on the people’s cost. But as a result of what they said Pork Barrel, I, you, we can’t see a single glimpse of faith brought by them. How can we say were free when we know that our hands and feet are tightly chained, how can we say were free when we know that were controlled by our very own governance who have no pardon for any citizens that relives faith in there own way.Why do Australia, Germany, United Kingdom, Eastern and Central Europe stated that they walk in on the path of righteousness, do that show that we have a bunch of prod, foolish and culprits in our public officials. It’s stated that the government is our government so how the government is working to help people over come co mplex problem if there the one who giving them and courses them in the path of lies and faults. A very good example is The Intriguing Controversy of the Year, The Pork Barrel Scam of Mrs.Janet Lim Napoles whom to be the brains of the lost of more than 10 Billion pesos in the funding of the Nation. And not only she is involve there’s still senators and congressman involve, how can they hold on trough this even then there are peoples supporting and trusting them all the way. Upon all happenings, evidence and controversies Mrs. Janet Lim Napoles can be voted not guilty, what is this happenings do our government just playing and fooling around to this crisis.Majority of the people is grieving for the lost wealth and opportunities just imagine all that money can do, it can feed million of people, can give hundred of thousand opportunities, can build off thousands of houses, can heal hundreds of illnesses, and help our only one nation from devastation. Now knowing these possibiliti es that can do so much, who can upholds this kind of cruel and unjustified act. After they say it’s for our own good how come they manage to control everything? How can we make an act if they have all the choices in life?But then I manage to conquer that after all that mischief I still need to thanks Mrs. Janet Lim Napoles not because of her cruelty and unjustified act people in the world won’t know the alliance and power of the whole Filipino people by means of the abuse of one. Now this day we should do what we know is right and stand on our two very own feet, we should know the path of what is fair and what is not because in the end were still humans and we can’t do every thing. So now a question will be leaven â€Å"Should you fight for what is right or stay on what you know is vogue? †

Reaction paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reaction - Research Paper Example oremost, chapter five champions the theme of the myth and reality of Portland’s engaged citizenry and process.Apparently, in the 1950’s there was minimal civic involvement in matters pertaining to planning and development. On that note, this can be attributed to the fact that not many people were literate thus could not participate actively in matters pertaining to planning in the town. However, over the years the civic involvement has rapidly increased. In addition to that, this can be because there has been tremendous increase in literacy levels among the pubic and thus aware of their duty in the development of the town. Furthermore, the book also documents the other factor that has led to the increased civic involvement, is the innovations made in terms of technology. In fact, it is worth noting that the innovations for instance radio have played an important role in creating awareness regarding matters of development and planning of the towns strategies. Evidently, the increased civic involvement has served to boost the live of the people thus is widely accepted among the population. Evidently, drawing basis from the book, the author documents the reason as to this happening is due to the fact of corruption and mismanagement of funds. Apparently, as a result of the actions of the leadership body of the town, the cost of housing among other basic requirements. On that note, this was able to inhibit the growth of this town. It is worth noting that the residents who moved into Portland were characterised by diversity in their culture for instance religion among other differences thus the need for representation in matters pertaining the town. Evidently, through the aid of protest groups they were able to address their grievance and consequently, they were able to get a representative to the towns leadership thus increased the civic involvement of the minority group in matters of planning and development. Subsequently, this representative was mandated with

How Bismarck used wars to bring about the creation of the new German Essay

How Bismarck used wars to bring about the creation of the new German state.Why was Bismarck successful in unifying Germany when the revolution of 1848 failed to do so - Essay Example At that time, Austria was not willing to recognize a united Germany predominated by Prussia. Thus, a meeting was held at Olmutz by Austrians n the November of 1980 which was torn down by Prussians and thus the contract of Prussian Union was given up. This meeting is seen by the Prussian historians as a disgrace of Olmutz. Significantly, the Prussians were more dominant in Zollverein operations and thus the Germans created a union in 1834 to renaissance to free trade. The five German states, comprising Austria, were not part of Zollverein by 1854. Thus, economic empowerment of Prussia was guaranteed again.2 But, this dominance was achieved by Otto von Bismarck during the era of 1815-1898 for Prussia. He was selected as the President in 1862. He inherited the Prussian nobility or better known as Junkers from his father’s side. A highly conservative person, he succeeded to many diplomatic posts. The times of constitutional crisis marked the beginning of his prime minister career. William I (1861-1888), who was a regent since the year 1858, became the then Prussia King in the year 1861 after his brother’s death. This new king was contemptuous towards army receiving more funds and also was disdainful towards the lower house of legislature. King was reluctant to support the established military and wanted to build up his own army. But, he needed tax revenues for this endeavor. Parliament refused to this notion. Thus Bismarck decided to receive taxes somehow, without the parliamentary consent. The loyal people of Prussia paid the taxes; and the King with Bismarck’s assis tance gave birth to a new army. 3 Bismarck needed a strong military because according to him, military power was more than the power of masses. He blew off the liberal constitutionalism as shown by the Frankfurt Assembly. Being a pragmatist, he devised that force was the ultimate success factor; and being a

Perception Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Perception - Research Paper Example erception would be directed towards identifying processes through which sensory information could be interpreted to produce conscious experiences of the organizations and organizational behavior. Other factors in the situation of perception in organizational behavior include time, social settings and work settings (Muirhead, 2002, pp.13-40). A number of factors function to shape and at times distort perception. These factors could be inherent in the perceiver, in the target or object to be perceived, or in the framework of the circumstances in which the perception would be made. The study of perception involves investigations into exactly how attention could be used to ease the processing capacity and how insights could be consistently obtained from the organizational environment. Perception enables individuals to receive information and make sense of the organizational environment within the context of already existing knowledge. This research paper, therefore, aims at establishing ideals behind the perception of other individuals within the same organizational context. These ideals would be concerned about the process of selecting, organizing and interpreting already available or newly collected information for the purpose of making sound judgment. The most basic elements of perception would be the process, state of awareness and activity by which an individual would be familiar with the items he or she perceives. These elements constitute sensory awareness, which could be linked with certain kinds of cognitive activities. Three philosophical theories put forward to explain perception include realism, casual and idealism theories. The theory of realism, also known as the common sense theory, states that individuals perceive nothing apart from insights. Moreover, Casual theory involves the aspects of appearance and illusion about perception. In addition, idealism presents the epistemological view point about perception (Rookes and Willson, 2000, pp. 9-13). The

Stressors and Stress Management Mechanisms among First-Year School Dissertation

Stressors and Stress Management Mechanisms among First-Year School Principals - Dissertation Example Stressors and Stress Management Mechanisms among First-Year School Principals Thus, this period needs to be handled with a lot of care and precaution. Indeed, Lindley agrees, â€Å"professional training materials are needed to help educators who are preparing for administrative positions and first-year principals who are struggling to survive the tribulations of the â€Å"rookie† principal† (Lindley xi). The best way to do this is to investigate the various causes of stress among first year principals so that best way forward can be proposed to assist school administrators going through the same challenges. Since the issues of stress among first year school administrators is wide and multivariate, literature review is given a fivefold approach. First, literature regarding burnout theory is investigated. Secondly, literature review is done on stressors among first year principals. Thirdly, works regarding impact of stress experienced by school administrators is reviewed. Finally, literature work on authors who have focused on coping mechanisms is evaluated. Burnout can occur among professionals dealing with service to people. According to Dworkin burnout occurs when overstressed individuals feel emotionally drained by their work environment, feel that their activities result in no benefit to those they had intended to help or to themselves, and come to blame their clients, patients, or students for failing to improve, get better, or learn, and in turn, for the professional’s loss of feelings of accomplishment.... Although there are different burnout models, Maslach burnout theory as proposed by Maslach and Jackson is used. The Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) argues that burnout syndrome comprises of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a feeling of reduced personal accomplishment. The burnout theory has mostly been used to assess the stress levels among professionals who do â€Å"people work.† Most of the earlier works utilizing burnout theory investigated causes of stress and stress levels among professionals in nursing and religious institutions. However, recent works investigating stress among school administrators have also used this theory with great levels of success. Indeed, â€Å"a number of studies have now reported on the reliability and validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory in a variety of cultures and among a variety of different professional groups† (Greer and Moberg 180). Whereas, burnout theory has been used for quite some time in investigating stresso rs among school principals, â€Å"research on burnout has produced unanswered questions for school administrators† (Ward 46). It therefore becomes important to dig exhaustively in this subject in order to come up with viable solutions to the stress factors. Many authors have applied the MBI in their work on stress among school administrators. Among them was Ward from the University of Texas at San Antonio. Ward investigated the impact of personal and organizational factors on school administrators. Though his study was wide, one of the issues he investigated was the correlation between the levels of burnout and years of experience of school administrators. He used the MBI and found out that the first years of school administration are the most stressful. Vandenberghe and Huberman explored the

Housing Declared Bottoming in U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Housing Declared Bottoming in U.S - Essay Example The central issue in the article is the state of the U.S housing market this year, prior to past trends and expected outcomes in future. The market’s collapse hits a bottom position in the 20th and 21st centuries, but different stakeholders show their optimism towards recovery and sustainability of favorable business in the market. Confidence of consumers, home seizure trends, supply of foreclosure and market healing processes in 2012 (Keith & Short 89) are central to the interest of the article. Different views are aired but one thing is for sure; the housing market’s performance is poor, with unpromising months to come due to recovery allowance period. The housing market’s recent performance is the issue at hand. Past recorded prices and house demands are not comparable to the current situation. The tortoise speed increase in demand is shedding some light to improved sales, but the optimal functionality of the market is far from being realized. The author’s point of view is not different from those of contributing stakeholders, evident that the housing market is on the verge of collapsing if not already collapsed. However, the author is one of the optimistic stakeholders, arguing that the market is taking a stable aspect and that its recovery is or will be sustainable in the next few months. The author’s opinion is substantiated by drawing evidence from numerous experts in housing matters. The housing market in U.S is actually bottoming. Hitting an all-time low since 1930s means that the trough has already been realized. This means that the article is right, and this is because the claims of the article are actually backed by evidence from various housing variables in the market. The claims presented by various parties including the author are right. The performance of the market is poor, with low response to recovery strategies (Olivier 150). Data has also been employed to reinforce the claims. All interviewees

Ibsen, An Enemy of the People analytical Assignment

Ibsen, An Enemy of the People analytical - Assignment Example in the playas the author portrays the negative side of small town politics and warns against political leaders who are solely rooted, having only a myopic visions for example Mayor Peter stockmann,when Dr Stockmann discovers the pollution in the Baths ,the Mayor instead doesnt want it publicized, he say that the report must not reach the people as he is threatened that they might questioned his work,( it was his idea to lay the pipes where they are) and may cost him for his improper leadership, an assertion that portrays his political role of bad governance. Bad leadership portrayed by Peter Stockmann made him disrupt Dr Stockmanns meeting and sway people not to give him a chance to read his report about the dangers of the Baths, the Mayor is interested in maintaining his position, while people like Hovstad are supportive as they want to have the report for their own selfish gain. Corruption which is an element of bad leadership is clearly outlined by the author in relation to Peter Stockmann political role in the play,as a political leader who is only interested in achieving his ambitions,Peter Stockmann ,want the medical officer of the Baths,Dr Stockmann to withdraw the report concerning the contamination of the public utility,what is obviously amounting to corrupt deeds.he forces him to write another report from further"investigation" that will resort the matter not as dangerous as imagined. Peter Stockmann, depicted an element of misuse of power when he refuses to implement,the report and the recommendations.Ibsen(1997) wrote that,Dr Stockmann is aware that Peter hates the idea of someone doing any service to the town except for himself ( p. 21) further more Catherine stockmann also doesnt want bad blood between the brothers and suggested that the Doctor should swallow his prides and agree that the Mayor was involved in the finding,she says" couldnt drop a hint that it was he who set you on the scent of this discovery"( Inbsen ,1977,p.21) this was to silence

Consumers and the law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumers and the law - Essay Example He agrees to accept a price reduction of  £500 as well as the dealer being responsible for fixing the brakes. This does not bring about any other issue in the scenario so it would seem as though the dealer’s agreement to accept less as well as fix the problem would not be disputed. The amendment to initial offer would constitute as a condition, as defined in the case of Wallis v Pratt [1911] AC 394 as: "[a condition is] an obligation which goes so directly to the substance of the contract, or in other words, is so essential to it very nature that its non-performance may fairly be considered by the other party, as a substantial failure to perform the contract at all.†3 Another operating issue that is important to note is if Amir is dealing as a consumer or operating in the course of business. The facts indicate that although he intends to use it mainly for personal use, he also intended to use it for business purposes, and more importantly, the purchase money came out of his business account. If the court determines that Amir is operating within the course of business, he will not be protected under the additional consumer protection given under s.48 Sale of Goods Act1979, as well as provisions contained within the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999, among others.5 This issue becomes relevant with regards to the situation involving the clutch. Amir seems to be seeking rescission. There are three problems with this is. The first issue is whether or not it can be seen that Amir is acting as a consumer. If it can be seen that Amir was acting as a consumer, he would be protected by s.48A(3) Sale of Goods Act which indicates that: â₠¬Å"...goods which do not conform to the contract of sale at any time within the period of six months starting with the date on which the goods were delivered to the buyer must be taken not to have so conformed

Promoting recovery in mental health (case study) Essay

Promoting recovery in mental health (case study) - Essay Example The concept of psychiatric rehabilitation was introduced in mid-1970s and the concept slowly evolved to absorb more fresh air and democracy through the next decades (Pratt, Gill and Barret, 2007, p.13 of the preface). A more recent development that happened to this concept has been the notion of psychiatric recovery, which evolved in late 1980s (Deegan, 1988). Pratt, Gill and Barret (2007, p.111) have expressed the essence of this concept by saying, â€Å"the idea of recovery represents optimism about the future.† Recovery model in psychiatric treatment has been the product of the brave research work undertaken by persons who had walked through the dark alleys of mental illness, and had come out of them with a new spirit of freedom and self-determination (for e.g., Anonymous, 1989; Ralph, 2004; Unzicker, 1989; Deegan, 1988). It was based on the models of â€Å"recovery from physically handicapping conditions, a number of researchers and scholars have helped to develop a conce pt of recovery for severe mental illness† (Pratt, Gill and Barret, 2007, p.111). ... he mentally ill person is assisted to take command of his/her own situation and he/she is no more totally at the mercy of others, whether they be psychiatric professionals, friends, relatives or institutions. This is the first step towards accepting a mentally ill person as a person having equal rights with a ‘normal’ person. And this is where the recovery concept of social inclusion comes in as the most important factor. Brown (1981), Chamberlin (1984), Jacobson and Curtis (2000), and Everett (1994) have been the major theoreticians who had developed the concept of recovery into a practical psychiatric practice. The basic tenet, to which this concept owes its emergence, is the idea that human interaction, love and mutual understanding are the core values of existence. In curing a mental illness of a person, his/her friends, family, neighborhood, community and the society have a responsibility to share (Ramon, Healy and Renouf, 2007). Deegan (1988) has drawn attention to the fact that the notion of recovery from mental illness is now a twofold intervention where, the patient has to take up one’s own responsibility and all the same, professional help is available for him/her to further the recovery. In particular, customer involvement has been the most important segment of the concept of recovery. This customer-first theory was an outcome of an era when mentally ill patients were victims of superstition and where they were deprived even of the basic human rights (Jacobson and Curtis, 2000). Out of this bleak situation, the mentally disabled persons gradually learned to raise their voice and to initiate a social movement (Jacobson and Curtis, 2000). The collaboration approach is also part of the recovery model. The scope of this concept includes, â€Å"education,

The Evolution of Hester’s Scarlet Letter Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of Hester’s Scarlet Letter Essay In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, the protagonist, Hester Prynne, is forced to publically wear her sin on her sleeve. She committed adultery, which was a sin that was highly chastised by the Puritan society. The Scarlet Letter that Hester wore first symbolized the burden and humiliation that accompanied the sin. Throughout the novel however, the meaning of the letter changed to parallel Hester’s own development into a strong, independent woman. The letter starts out as a symbol of shame. A public trial in the presence of her fellow New England citizens forced Hester to wear this shameful letter. As Hester was standing on the pillory, her punishment for committing adultery was to display the â€Å"mark of shame upon her bosom† for all to see (Pg 58). The Scarlet Letter diminished Hester’s image by subjecting her to public humiliation, which affected her emotionally and mentally. Puritan women at the pillory claimed that the Scarlet Letter could possibly be hidden on the outside by physically covering it, but â€Å" the pain of it will be always in [Hester’s] heart† (Pg 49). Hester had to endure belittlement and harassment at the hands the disappointed Puritan mob. Even the Puritan children, â€Å"the most intolerant brood that ever lived,† made disparaging remarks about her (Pg 83) because they â€Å"scorned [Hester and Pearl] in their hearts†(Pg 84). Hester was forced to the bottom of the social ladder if even children can get away with making fun of an elder without fear of punishment in such a rigid society. The various tragic events exacerbated the guilt that Hester felt. This is demonstrated when she told her husband, Chillingsworth, that it was her fault for committing adultery to conceal the identity of the person with whom she committed the sin. She hid the identity of Pearl’s father because the constant humiliation and rebuke that she had to endure led her to believe that her sin was completely her burden to bear. Hester knew that â€Å"her deed had been evil† (Pg 80) because Pearl acts out in a hostile and sinful manner. Pearl has grown to become a walking embodiment of the Scarlet Letter. Consequently, Hester felt overwhelming guilty. However, as the novel progresses Hester’s attitude towards the Scarlet Letter changes and the meaning of the letter goes through a metamorphosis that would help Hester wear the letter with pride. When Hester no longer saw the Scarlet Letter as a symbol of shame, it represented her freedom from the letter’s hold over her as she wore the letter with pride. Though she could have easily been defeated and sunken into despair, she persisted through the hardships. She became a productive member of society by sewing miraculous materials, which allowed the people’s perception of her to change. This can be interpreted as a change in meaning of the Scarlet Letter. Before, it had stood for adultery, but eventually people recognized it as a symbol of â€Å"her many good deeds† (Pg 142). The changes in the letter, both physically and symbolically, reflected the perception that people had of Hester. Hester transformed into a â€Å"powerful peculiar,† an individual who was â€Å"so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick† (Pg 142). Despite her initial difficult circumstances, Hester turned around her life. As Hester experienced her transformation, she showed resentment towards her punishment. She knew that there were others in the community who committed sins, some even greater than hers, but these atrocities went unpunished. Consequently, Hester’s changing attitude revealed that while she saw her act as a sin, she felt that her punishment was unjustified due to the hypocrisy that was prevalent within the society. Hester realized that the persecution against her was unfair given the hypocritical standards of the society and that other people should perhaps wear their own Scarlet Letter for the sins that they have committed. Her path to redemption instilled the confidence in her to believe that she was not inferior to others; if others were not going to own up to their own mistakes, she was not required to do so either. She was no longer sorry for what she had done because while she faced the consequences head-on, others were cowardly concealing their sins in order to evade public humiliation and punishment. Due to the double standard in society, Hester decided that the act was not as evil as it was made out to be by society. She told Dimmesdale that â€Å"what [they] did had a consecration of its own† (Pg 170). The Scarlet Letter was supposed to remind Hester and the townspeople of her sin, but â€Å"the Scarlet Letter had not done its office† (Pg 145). The meaning of the Scarlet Letter that Hester wore changed throughout the novel to parallel Hester’s own path to enlightenment and freedom from societal pressure. The metamorphosis of Hester’s image and the change in her inner thoughts represented how she overcame the burden of the Scarlet Letter. The Scarlet Letter was an embodiment of Hester’s life.

Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Essay ​Evil is a characteristic that describes a person as being morally wrong or bad, immoral and/or causing suffering for others. Evil in the book Lord of the Flies by William Golding was an inborn trait of mankind. In this book, evil was seen as a main theme throughout the whole story. Golding saw no hope for mankind and believed that evil is always in mankind and sooner or later it will be expressed and no longer be subdued by civilization. The Lord of the Flies is a book about a group of children (some very young), who become stranded on an uninhabited island with no adults. They are on this island due to a plane crash during a war that they were in. From the beginning of this story until the end, one sees a transformation of the children from a well-organized, diplomatic civilized group into an evil group of murderous blood thirsty savages. At the very beginning of this story, the children seemed well mannered and organized. They called a conch they found to gather the survivors. The only event that showed the boys’ inherent â€Å"evil† or jealously was the power struggle between Jack and Ralph for chief. Jack thought he should have been leader because he was chapter chorister. â€Å"I ought to be Chief, said Jack with simple arrogance, because I’m chapter chorister and head boy† (22). The children did the diplomatic thing and decided to put it to a vote. All of the children exspect Jack and the chorister boys elected Ralph. This event builds to Jack resenting Ralph throughout the story. Jack also tried to gain power later on in the story. As the story progresses so do the intensity of the evil acts of the children. One of these acts of â€Å"evil† from the children was their attitude toward Piggy, the over-weight, intelligent boy with asthma and glasses. Piggy became the victim of continuous bullying and neglect. A few example of this was when they called him fatty, piggy and wont let him speak and they won’t listen to him too, â€Å"Shut up, Fatty†¦He’s not fatty, cried Ralph, his real name’s Piggy†¦A storm of laughter arose and even the tiniest child joined in† (21). Another event that showed their rising evil ways is when Ralph, Jack and Simon explored the island, to decide if it is an island and/or it is uninhabited . On this adventure they saw a small, defenseless baby pig caught by â€Å"creepers†. Jack took out his knife and prepared to slaughter the piglet but couldn’t do it and allowed the piglet to go free. Jack had probably never killed anything before so the thought of ending a living thing’s life so to much for him. Afterwords Jack promised that the pig won’t be so lucky next time. Jack said this so he wouldn’t seem weak to the other children. Around the middle of the book Jack kept good on his promise, when his hunters and he slaughtered a piglet and chanted, â€Å"Kill the pig, cut her throat. Spill her blood† (69). There are also symbolisms in this story what expressed mankind’s inherited evil. The beastie in this story symbolized mankind’s inherited evil. Out of all the children, Simon is the only one who truly understood that. At one point in the book they even believed they (Sam and Eric) saw the beastie up on top of the mountain. When Jack and Ralph along with others go see the beastie they too start to believe in it. This leads to an increase in fear of the beastie (themselves). Also Ralph’s and Jack’s power struggle intensifies due to their increasingly differing wants and views. Ralph wants to be rescued but Jack’s only true desire is to hunt, kill, make fun of Piggy and become Chief with total power. Later on the children, all but Piggy, Sam and Eric are corrupted (by food) to join Jack’s tribe of savages. The turning point of their transformation into evil, savages was at Jack’s feast. At this feast the children were chanting, dancing an d reenacting the butchering of a defenseless piglet. When Simon, who represents natural human goodness (Jesus), is â€Å"accidentally† massacred by all of the children (expect Piggy). This event showed the innate human evil disrupting childhood innocence and just how far children are willing to go. ​ The event that showed total loss of civilization and the establishment of savages in this book was when Piggy was killed by Roger and the conch shell which symbolized civilization is broken. The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist. (164). When the conch is broken it signifies the total loss of society, order, rule/law and peace among almost all the boys on the island. With the conch gone savagery is completely developed and the evil is shown to its fullest. At this point there is no more thoughts of right and wrong, just fear, pain and evil. Now all the children wanted to â€Å"hunt† and kill Ralph simply because Jack told them to. Especially Roger who has growth to love causing pain to others, and who â€Å"Sharpen a stick at both ends.† All of them even Sam and Eric helped to find Ralph so they could kill him. If it wasn’t for the office, Ralph would have been killed and the children wouldn’t have cared. They probably would have thrown a feast over Ralph’s death and spear hishead as a sign of power. ​In the book, Lord of the Flies the transformation of the children is clearly shown. They started off as proper gentlemen and ended as murderous, malevolent, sick savages, who want and like to exterminate and track innocence living animals including humans. Golding’s feeling towards human’s inherited characteristics is spot on and was seen throughout this whole story.

Cross Cultural Communication: Case Study of IKEA

Cross Cultural Communication: Case Study of IKEA 1: Introduction Management Communication is considered as the critical element in the overall performance of an organization internally, externally and in the corporate world of stock market and public image as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003)[1]. This is naturally because of the fact that the elements associated with the communication not only strive to communicate the management intentions to the audience but also to win their support in order to effectively improve the organization’s performance thus gaining competitive advantage in the target market. The management communication is also treated as the overall element that comprises of the marketing communication, shareholder communication, supplier relationship management and above all establishing corporate identity in the real world as argued by Richard Lynch (2003)[2]. In this report a critical analysis on the cross-cultural communication and the role played by management in terms of effectively achieving the cross-cult ural communication strategy to increase performance is presented to the reader. Examples from the success of IKEA – the leading furniture and household retailer from Sweden in China are presented to the reader. The analysis strives to provide evidence to justify the importance of management communication in the cross-cultural scenario to the reader. The research first presents an overview on the cross-cultural communication describing the critical elements that influence and contribute for successful cross-cultural communication. Then an analysis on the cross-cultural communication in the light of the Chinese market is presented to the reader. This section presents the application and nuances specific to the Chinese markets. This is followed by an insight on the application of the concepts discussed in the light of the IKEA and its performance in China as the research focus is on the cross-cultural communication in china. Finally the research will conclude with a brief summary on the overall importance of cross-cultural communication and its role in the chosen geography and company. 2: Cross-Cultural Communication Geng Cui et al (1998)[3] argue that in a cross-cultural communication situation, the management not only faces the challenge of effectively communicating to the audience but also to ensure that the audience’ reciprocation is supportive to the organization. In order to ensure that the cross-cultural communication by the management achieves the goals of the organization, Geng Cui et al (1998) identify the following as the key ingredients for the communication. Social Interaction is one of the major elements that can influence the overall performance of an organization in the given target geography as argued by Geng Cui et al (1998). This is not only because of the fact that the increase in the visibility of organization to the target audience will create the familiarity but also increase the overall acceptance of the organization by the people in the target geography. Frances Brassington and Stephen Pettit (2003)[4] further argue that the communication element is the critical factor that influences the overall effectiveness of the organization in the target market. In the light of the aforementioned, the social interaction effectiveness of the management will increase the visibility to the target audience thus communicating a positive image on the organization’s position towards the society in which it is intending to perform business. Another interesting element with the social interaction is the fact that an organization trying to gain market share in a new geography requires the efforts of the senior management to push the presence of the organization as a positive element in the overall business of the economy in the target geography as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003). Hence from a strategic perspective, it is essential for the social interaction to create a positive image about the organization to increase its presence in the market as a potential competitor. Another interesting element with the social interaction and the management communication is the fact that it involves the people associated with the communication and the social interaction demands face-to-face conversation thus making it clear, a positive approach from the organization to present itself as potential new entrant in the market will strengthen its corporate identity. The social interaction also provides the opportunity for the organization to appreciate the self-esteem and other subtle elements of the people in the target market that will help forge better stakeholder relationship as argued by A.M.M. Rad and M. Yarmohammadian (2006)[5]. Cultural Empathy is described as one of the major critical success factors for an organization to gain visibility in a new target market as argued by Miranda Y.P. Lee and Daniel W.C. So (2007)[6]. The apparent reason for this is the fact that an understanding of the culture of the target market’s culture and the big-picture of the target geography itself, the new-entrant organization can efficiently identify the potential customers in the target market. This process is further justified as the key to successfully forging the stakeholder relationship in case of managing projects involving the change and development of an organization in new target demography. Whilst social interaction is considered as a corporate identity element, cultural empathy is considered as both a critical success factor to devising the product lines for the target market as well as communicating to the customers in the target market as argued by Miranda Y.P. Lee and Daniel W.C. So (2007). Another interesting element associated with the cultural empathy and the cross-cultural communication is the fact that the parent organization being a new entrant to the target market, it is critical to appeal to the target audience’ (customer, suppliers and stakeholders alike) cultural background to justify their contribution to the development of the society in terms of the business development strategies of the organization itself. This is argued as one of the succ essful as well as complex strategies as argued by Richard Lynch (2003) since the entering organization faces the challenge of winning the customers to their organization’s benefit. Alongside, it is also essential for the understanding of the cultural factors associated with the target market for a new entrant in the market because of the natural tendency of the customer to rely on the seller who can understand the needs of the customer (Richard Lynch, 2003). In order to accomplish this strategy, it is thus essential to understand the customer requirements from a customer perspective, which apparently demands the understanding of the cultural factors associated with the target market. Ethnic Communication is a term that has gained popularity with the increasing success of the deployment of appealing to the ethnic factors associated with the target geography as argued by Guilherme Pires and John Stanton (2000)[7]. The subtle difference between the cultural empathy and the ethnic communication is the fact that the cultural empathy provides information and educates the organization to address the target market whilst the ethnic communication is the actual strategy put in action to reach the customers in the target market. In addition, the increasing competition due to globalisation and the threat of new entrants from competing organizations entering the chosen target market justifies the need to create a long-lasting impression among the customers about the products and services of the organization. The ethnic communication strategy is considered as the successful element to increase the visibility of the organization in the chosen target demography and the target ma rket. Alongside, Geng Cui et al (1998) argue ethnic communication as an acceptable strategy for an organization’s effectiveness in designing its communication plan in order to reach its audience in the new geography. The audience mentioned include, the customers, shareholders, supplier and the general public to whom the management communicates on a day-to-day basis. This makes it clear that the ethnic communication element is a critical success factor for the overall effectiveness of the organization. Also, it is important to understand that the cross-cultural communication is not a unidirectional process and must involve the overall interaction of the target audience and the organization that is establishing itself in the target new geography as argued by Geng Cui et al (1998). This makes it clear that the interaction is one of the critical elements that is achieved through the ethnic communication that helps create a positive image for the organization among the target audience. Local Knowledge Local knowledge is commended as a critical success factor for an organization that is trading in different geographical locations across the world as argued by Thomas Brenner (2007)[8]. Thomas Brenner (2007) further argues that the local knowledge is predominantly gained through the continuous social interaction with the target audience mainly because of the fact that the tangible knowledge value is not gained from a mere understanding of the culture behind the target audience. In the case researched in this report, the tangible knowledge on the target geography (i.e.) China is a critical element and understanding of the culture through public resources is not ample for efficient trading in China as argued by Peter Williamson and Ming Zeng (2004)[9]. They further argue that multinational organizations entering China for trading face four fundamental handicaps in building competitive advantage in the chosen target market of China. These are Poor supporting infrastructure that often prevents an organization from utilizing its advantage in the new target market in terms of management effectiveness, technological advances, etc., Supply chain management also faces a critical issue in the Chinese market mainly because of the poor infrastructure and managerial effectiveness along with the inherent disadvantage of communication gap due to lack of local knowledge. The inability to reap the economies of scale and lack of flexibility to spread the higher fixed costs imposed through the need to integrate operations in China. Finally the organizations face the early development stages in most of the Chinese markets thus making market penetration with high-end goods unsuccessful. From the above mentioned constraints it is clear that the cross-cultural communication can not only provide advantage through local knowledge but also bridge the communication gap thus allowing the organization to strategically position itself in the target markets and identify the market development stage to introduce innovative product lines as argued by Peter Williamson and Ming Zeng (2004). Communication Competence Peter Williamson and Ming Zeng (2004) argue that the communication competence is a critical element in the overall success of the organization in a new target market because of the fact that the cross-cultural communication factors like social interaction, ethnic communication, cultural empathy and local knowledge are demonstrated in the communication competence of the organization. This makes it clear that the senior management representing the organization in a new geography must be able to communicate effectively in the local language embracing the aforementioned in order to gain competitive advantage. This also makes it clear that the communication competence in the cross- cultural communication strategy of a management is the final element that represents the overall strategy in action. Hence it is essential for the organization to ensure that their management staffs facing key audience in the new target market are competent in the local language thus ensuring strong relationshi p with the customers, suppliers, stakeholders and the general public. Peter Williamson and Ming Zeng (2004) further argue that the major disadvantage for an organization entering China is the lack of the knowledge on the local language that is necessary for competence in communication for negotiation and sales. Thus it is clear the communication competence is the primary element that supports the overall strength of the strategy thus leveraging competitive advantage for the organization. Finally, it is interesting to note that the Chinese market for the furniture market is not only developing but also increasing in demand with the increasing awareness among the customers in the target market on the fashion and trends in the west as argued by Ann Priest (2005)[10]. The company that is under analysis (i.e.) IKEA – is one of the leading conglomerates in the retail of flat packed furniture and house wares (Company Profile, 2006[11]). A detailed analysis on the company’s performance in China and the role of cross – cultural communication is presented in section of the report. 3: Measures of Success Management communication is argued as the critical strategic element for the effective performance of an organization in the chosen area of business (Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes, 2003). The role of cross – cultural communication in an organization’s success are focused on three critical segments of audience in the target market as argued by Miranda Y.P. Lee and Daniel W.C. So (2007). They are customers, supplier and stakeholders of the senior management. The application of cross- cultural communication for the abovementioned three audience groups in the Chinese markets is presented to the reader. 3.1: Customers The customer is the ultimate audience to an organization due to the obvious reason that the purchasing from the customers is the driving element for the overall business as argued by Richard Lynch (2003). In the Chinese market, the demand from the customers depend mainly on the costs (i.e.) the pricing strategy of the organization and the ability of a seller to produce innovative products reflecting the Chinese culture as argued by Miranda Y.P. Lee and Daniel W.C. So (2007). This is apparently because of the fact that the Chinese markets are still in the development phase and hence the sales of high-end products in the retail shop floor is not a successful strategy as argued by Xueming Luo et al (2004)[12]. Hence effective marketing communication is a critical element in the successful promotion of the product lines of a new entrant in the target market. From a strategic perspective, the marketing communication is the key for the effective promotion and strong positioning of the product lines in the target market as argued by Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005)[13]. The marketing mix which is argued, as the critical element in the overall promotion of the products and services to an organization is the key area where cross – cultural communication approach must be applied to reach the customer effectively as argued by Xueming Luo et al (2004). Xueming Luo et al (2004) further justify that the efficient application of the 4Ps of marketing along with the application of the cross – cultural communication strategy to ensure that the marketing communication appeals to the target market’s culture as well as reflects upon the product innovation to meet the demands of the customers is the key for devising a successful marketing promotion plan for a product line. From the above-mentioned it is clear that the traditional marketing strategies are applicable to a given target market but the ingredient of the cross – cultural communication that bridges the communication gap between the customers and the new entrant seller in the market is the key for increasing sales and productivity in the target market. Alongside, it is also interesting to note that the effectiveness of the marketing communication is only through the understanding of the cultural factors and the local knowledge of the target demography as argued by Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005). Alongside, the marketing communication takes different forms right from the face-to-face interaction with the customer at the shop floor up to advertisement through media as argued by Frances Brassington and Stephen Pettit (2003). This makes it clear that the cross –cultural communication effectives is the critical element for the overall success of the marketing strategy itself in an organization. Besides, the marketing communication targeted towards developing markets where the market development is in its early stages in most areas, the success of a new entrant is dependant upon the communication factor as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003). 3.2: Suppliers Suppliers in the Chinese market are not only an essential element for continued production and promotion of products but also essential for the effective cost reduction and production profit management strategies as argued by Xueming Luo et al (2004). This is because of the fact that the increasing competition in the Chinese retail markets both from the domestic competitors as well as the new entrants from the west, has increased the need for cost efficient supply chain strategies to ensure that there is better profit margin for the organization. Alongside, the increasing demand for innovative product lines and the continuous requirement to procure new raw materials as well as reduce the lead time associated with the procurement, production and supply; it is thus essential to maintain effective supplier relationship. The bargaining power of the supplier which is one of the five forces that affect the business growth in a given target market (Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes, 2003) is evident in the aforementioned case where the need to forge strong supplier relationship with domestic suppliers in China is a critical element for continuous growth of an organization. The cross – cultural communication in terms of the fluency in host language (i.e.) Chinese and the ability to understand the business process methods of the suppliers to ensure strong relationship are critical success factors for the overall success of the organization itself. Alongside, Malcolm J. Sanders (1997)[14] argues that the reduction in the supply chain delays and ensuring strong supplier relationship is the key for effective management of the production in an organization. Thus through exercising effective control over the supply chain, an organization can quickly respond to a change in the market demands. This will eventually increase the productivity and sales for the organization. In the light of the aforementioned, it is clear that the conversation skills of the management as well as the key supply chain staff is essential for the effective management of supply chain in the Chinese retail markets as argued by Xueming Luo et al (2004). 3.3: Stakeholder management Xueming Luo et al (2004) say that the strategic positioning of an organization in the Chinese markets requires the continuous support of the stakeholders in the local geography. This is because of the fact that partnership or partial acquisition is deemed as one of the successful strategies in the market development strategy of an organization entering a new market as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003). Hence the efficient communication with the stakeholders through fluency in the local language and understanding of the cultural demands are the critical elements to ensure their continuous support. In the light of the aforementioned it is thus clear the cross – cultural communication is a critical element to win the audience’ support for the continuous business development and sustainable competitive advantage in the Chinese retail markets. 3.4: Human Resource Management   The management of the workforce and strong working relationship with the staff members and management are argued as critical success factors by Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003)[15]. In the light of the aforementioned, addressing the Chinese retail market, it is clear that local workforce is one of the critical elements to reduce the cost overhead associated with staffing for a new entrant. Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003) further argue that the streamlined communication between the management and the staff is the critical element for increasing the productivity of the organization. This makes it clear that the cross – cultural communication is necessary in the form of fluency in local knowledge and understanding of the working culture of the Chinese labour market in order to increase the sales and gain sustainable competitive advantage. Alongside, the labourers being part of the overall general public, the strong human resource relationship demonstrated by the mana gement will forge a positive corporate identity for the new entrant in the Chinese markets. 4: IKEA and China Briefly, IKEA entered the furniture retail market of China in 2003 by establishing the first store at Shangai, China (Company Profile, 2006). This was followed by further development of the business into other popular geographies of China including Beijing and Hong Kong. In this section the use of the cross – cultural communication discussed in sections 2 and 3 by IKEA is presented to the reader. 4.1: Customer Relationship The company’s strategy in utilising the services of one of the leading Chinese advertising agencies Saatchi Saatchi Beijing as well as other advertising agencies in the local geographies of china has increased its ability to reach the customers in the target market effectively (Media Asia, 2006[16]). Alongside, the company’s adherence to the understanding of the host culture through providing innovative product lines that appeal to the customer demands as well as the culture of the target demography is one of the critical success factors in establishing strong customer relationship. Another interesting element is the focus on the wider geography as well as specifically targeting the Western residents in the target markets (Company Profile, 2006) demonstrates the effective use of the cross-cultural communication strategy in marketing to forge strong customer relationship. The success of IKEA as the top loyalty brand in Hong Kong (Media Asia, 2006[17]) justifies the role played by the cross-cultural communication by the management to increase sales. 4.2: Supplier Relationship The procurement strategy of IKEA in the Chinese market is mainly through encouraging the local channels and small scale industries that produce specific product lines and made to order product lines (Company Profile, 2006). This demonstrates the effective cross-cultural communication by IKEA and its ability to maintain effective supplier relationship to increase productivity. 4.3: Human Resource Management The company utilises the local workforce in all levels of the organization, which is evident from the store manger positions held by the Chinese national in Shangai. The concept of cross-cultural communication and appealing to the staff culture apart from the traditional methods of human resource management is evident from the aforementioned. Alongside, the effective management of the human resource is also evident from the company’s rewarding strategy that is not only intended to motivate the staff but also introduce the overall organizational culture among the staff members in the Chinese branches. This approach motivates the staff members and is successful because of the local knowledge exercised by the organization. Alongside, the key measures in terms of management and staff relationship were queried with IKEA’s sales team in the UK. The results prove that the sales staff shop floor have the following key skills irrespective of the geography they are deployed. Understanding host culture Participate to resolve the host social issues Have friendly relationship with the host In the Chinese retail market, the aforementioned are demonstrated as follows The advertising and promotion strategy of the organization using the services of the local advertising agencies to appeal to the cultural factors of the demography justifies the understanding of the host culture by IKEA, China The organization’s innovation strategies like its contribution to the space problems in the Hong Kong target market (Lee Michele, 2002[18]) are a classical example for the organization’s ability to participate and resolve the host social issues. The company’s top score in the brand loyalty and customer loyalty in the Hong Kong and Beijing markets justifies its ability to forge friendly relationship with the host. 5: Conclusion Thus to conclude the research it is clear that the cross – cultural communication effectiveness is a mandatory element in the success of an organization in a new geographical location. The increase in the globalisation and the need for business development have increased the need to reach Far Eastern nations for potential markets which justifies the need for efficient cross – cultural communication. The analysis on IKEA further justifies that only through the effective cross – cultural communication it is justifiable for an organization to develop business and sustain growth in the target market. References A.M.M. Rad and M. Yarmohammadian (2006), A study of relationship between managers’ leadership style and employees’ job satisfaction, Leadership in Health Services Vol. 19 No. 2, 2006 Ann Priest (2005), Uniformity and differentiation in fashion, International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology Vol. 17 No. 3/4, 2005 Company Profile, (2006), IKEA Group, Datamonitor Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003), Personnel Management – HRM in Action, FT: Prentice Hall Frances Brassington and Stephen Pettit (2003), Principles of Marketing, FT: Prentice Hall Geng Cui et al (1998), Cross – Cultural Adaptation and Ethnic Communication: Two Structural Equation Models, Howard Journal of Communication, 9:1, 69-85 Gerry Johnson and Kevan Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003) (2003), Exploring Corporate Strategy – Texts and Cases, Prentice Hall Guilherme Pires and John Stanton (2000), Marketing services to ethnic consumers in culturally diverse markets: issues and implications, Journal of Services Marketing, 2000, Vol. 14 Issue 6/7 Lee Michele (2002), Ikea plays up space solutions in HK burst, Media Asia, 10/4/2002, p4 Malcolm J. Saunders (1997), Strategic Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Financial Times – Prentice Hall Miranda Y.P. Lee and Daniel W.C. So (2007), Corporate-slogans of corporations operating in Greater China, Corporate Communications: An International Journal Vol. 12 No. 1, 2007 News Article (2006), IKEA plays up more in mega stores opening, Media Asia, 15621138, 4/7/2006: Business Source Premier News Article, IKEA tops loyalty brand survey in Hong Kong, Media Asia; 10/6/2006, p11-11 Peter Williamson and Ming Zeng (2004), Strategies for Competing in a Changed China, MIT Sloan Management Review, Summer2004, Vol. 45 Issue 4 Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005), Marketing Management – 12th Edition, Prentice Hall Richard Lynch (2003), Corporate Strategy, FT: Prentice Hall Thomas Brenner (2007), Local Knowledge Resources and Knowledge Flows, Industry Innovation, Jun2007, Vol. 14 Issue 2 Xueming Luo et al (2004), The Effects of Customer Relationships and Social Capital on Firm Performance: A Chinese Business Illustration, Journal of International Marketing, 2004, Vol.12 Issue 4 Footnotes [1] Gerry Johnson and Kevan Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003) (2003), Exploring Corporate Strategy – Texts and Cases, Prentice Hall [2] Richard Lynch (2003), Corporate Strategy, FT: Prentice Hall [3] Geng Cui et al (1998), Cross – Cultural Adaptation and Ethnic Communication: Two Structural Equation Models, Howard Journal of Communication, 9:1, 69-85 [4] Frances Brassington and Stephen Pettit (2003), Principles of Marketing, FT: Prentice Hall [5] A.M.M. Rad and M. Yarmohammadian (2006), A study of relationship between managers’ leadership style and employees’ job satisfaction, Leadership in Health Services Vol. 19 No. 2, 2006 [6] Miranda Y.P. Lee and Daniel W.C. So (2007), Corporate-slogans of corporations operating in Greater China, Corporate Communications: An International Journal Vol. 12 No. 1, 2007 [7] Guilherme Pires and John Stanton (2000), Marketing services to ethnic consumers in culturally diverse markets: issues and implications, Journal of Services Marketing, 2000, Vol. 14 Issue 6/7 [8] Thomas Brenner (2007), Local Knowledge Resources and Knowledge Flows, Industry Innovation, Jun2007, Vol. 14 Issue 2 [9] Peter Williamson and Ming Zeng (2004), Strategies for Competing in a Changed China, MIT Sloan Management Review, Summer2004, Vol. 45 Issue 4 [10] Ann Priest (2005), Uniformity and differentiation in fashion, International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology Vol. 17 No. 3/4, 2005 [11] Company Profile, (2006), IKEA Group, Datamonitor [12] Xueming Luo et al (2004), The Effects of Customer Relationships and Social Capital on Firm Performance: A Chinese Business Illustration, Journal of International Marketing, 2004, Vol.12 Issue 4 [13] Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005), Marketing Management – 12th Edition, Prentice Hall [14] Malcolm J. Saunders (1997), Strategic Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Financial Times – Prentice Hall [15] Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003), Personnel Management – HRM in Action, FT: Prentice Hall [16] News Article (2006), IKEA plays up more in mega stores opening, Media Asia, 15621138, 4/7/2006: Business Source Premier [17] News Article, IKEA tops loyalty brand survey in Hong Kong, Media Asia; 10/6/2006, p11-11 [18] Lee Michele (2002), Ikea plays up space solutions in HK burst, Media Asia, 10/4/2002

Divorce - From Heaven to Hell Essay -- Expository Cause Effect Essays

Divorce - From Heaven to Hell According to recent statistics, there are more divorces now than ever before. At the rate things are going, the divorce rate may soon surpass the marriage rate. There are many reasons for such a high divorce rate, but one of the main ones is that people do not realize what they are getting themselves into when they marry. Couples do not realize that marriage is a job that must be worked at continuously in order for it to go well. Because many couples marry for the wrong reasons, a breakdown in communication results, which leads to a couple's growing apart. This process, all too often, ends in divorce. People marry the wrong people for the wrong reasons. Of course, they seem to be the right people and the right reasons at the time the decision is made, but the trouble really begins here. For example, many couples are too young when they marry. They meet in high school or college, "fall in love," which is really just lust, and know that they have found the person they are going to marry. Further, many young girls think that they are ready to marry, but many times they simply want to get out of their parents' house. The situation may involve abuse in some form or another, or the girl simply may not be getting along with her folks and sees marriage as a way out. She believes that if she can just make a home of her own everything will be fine. She looks on the young man as her salvation, and he begins to see himself in that role. In addition, she may also be pregnant. This situation always makes things worse for the young couple. The coming baby takes many choices away from the pair and adds many responsibilities that they are just not prepared to take on. There are financial... ...t include the spouse. This decision may or may not be made on a conscious level. Sometimes the futility of the situation takes over and the only thing on a person's mind is getting out and away from the spouse. This way of thinking only leads to disaster. The two people either stay together and wind up being miserable, or they separate and divorce. Either way there is unhappiness for everyone involved. Divorce has touched us all either directly or indirectly. There are normally no winners involved; everyone loses something. Things could begin to get a little better, however, if prospective couples would take some time to get to know each other better. When couples learn to communicate with one another and work to keep those lines open, there is growth together, not apart. This process does take a lot of work, but the rewards can be life sustaining.

Complexity and Ambiguity of Haircut :: Haircut

Complexity and Ambiguity of Haircut      Ã‚  Ã‚   Many critical commentators have pointed out that Ring Lardner's best work was done in the field of satiric comedy. Sometimes his work was more satirical than comic, and sometimes vice versa. His short story, "Haircut," is definitely an exponent of the former, because within the satire of Haircut are some undoubtedly repulsive and tragic elements. The story concerns the events in a small unnamed Michigan town as told by a barber while he is cutting a client's hair. He tells of the death of Jim Kendall, a practical joker whose comedy and other actions leave virtue much desired, and who is killed by a supposedly accidental shooting during a hunt. The only clear theme of the story involves the satirizing of smug small town values, portrayed through Whitey's narration. In this paper I will show how the character of the barber illustrates these deficient values, and how these set the stage for a traditional interpretation of "Haircut" -- one where Jim is deserving of his fate. Finally, I will contrast this interpretation with other critical interpretations, which argue that Lardner's purpose is not so clear, but obfuscated by ambiguity.    The Small Town Barber and Traditional Interpretation From the outset of the story we observe the uneducated and unintelligent qualities of the barber, whose name we learn is "Whitey." His muddled language, full of diction and syntax errors, immediately make the reader skeptical of his reliability. In the opening sentences, for example, Whitey says "You can see for yourself that this ain't no New York City and besides that, the most of the boys works all day and don't have no leisure to drop in here and get themselves all prettied up." The conversational language of the small town, filled with slang and bad pronunciation, riddles the entire narration. Whitey says, "I bet they was more laughin' done here than any town its size in America," and "he'd be settin' in this chair part of the time," and she'd divorced him only they wasn't no chance to get alimony and she didn't have no way to take care of herself and the kids."    This suspicion of Whitey's trustworthiness and character is further characterized by his interpretations of events.

Essay --

Jessica's paper rough draft (Into) Some pain can't always be seen, what if a patient complains of sharp stabbing pains and describes it as being stung by a thousand bees all at once, and at the same time feels like their foot is on fire. Maybe the foot is swollen or discolored. Pain is not always visable. Sounds like classic nerve pain and we would be sypathic and prescribe pain control medications. Would you be less sympathetic and unwilling to give pain medications if you knew this patient had a history of substance abuse? Its time to break the stigma that patients with a history of substance abuse will abuse perscription opioids for pain control or are Dr. shopping. All patients should be treated equaly and have the oppertunity to live a pain free life. Often nurses are on the front lines helping these patients manage pain. This paper will show that non Judgmental attitudes together with problem solving approaches and routine drug screenings a patient with prior abuse can be treated for chronic pain successfully. (Relevance and applicability) Most patients do take their medications as directed, but there has been more attention in the media of the abuse of perscription medications. This is in part of the ageing population and opioids being widely accepted and used more often these days for the chronic non cancer pain paitent (1pg1) Although Studies show that the rate abuse of opioid patients with chronic pain is only 3% to 17% which is fairly low compared to the population. (Art1 pg32) The reason some paitents abuse opioids or turn to the illicit use of street drugs is t... ... vigilance in monitoring and may need to be treated for opioid abuse and or pshycatric help. (Conclusion) As opioids are becoming more acceptable as an on going treatment for chronic pain patients, the risks also rises for abuse of prescription drugs. For these reasons it's not only just limited to those patients with substance abuse issues, but also to patients without prior abuse histories. A cancer patient who has no prior substance abuse history should not be treated any more humanly or shown more compassion then a cancer patient with a prior substance abuse issue. It's important to achieve a therapeutic balance with all patients and specially those who live with chronic pain. With all the readily available studies, tests and assessments no one should have to live a half life with chronic pain Regardless of their history.

Is evil learned or innate behaviour? Essay

Evil is often mistaken to be innate behaviour, but in reality evil is learned. The definition of evil is someone or something that is morally bad or wrong; wicked. It can also be defined as a sin. Evil is learned through other people and it can happen to anyone. It can involve situations like, family problems, like divorce, or the community where one grows up in can have a major effect on a person. It is learned when an individual has a temper and yells at another person or uses physical abuse towards them. When a child is first born into this world they do not already have evil inside them, it is learned by their surroundings, as they grow older. Newborn children are sweet, innocent babies who don’t even know what evil is. When newborns are raised over time and live in a negative surrounding, they can easily learn how to be evil. Evil can be learned at any age, it doesn’t matter if you’re young or old. An example of a child turning evil is watching his/her parents go through a divorce. Situations like this has a major effect on children, it brings questions to their head like â€Å"Was it my fault?† Kids will start to feel insecure and they might get themselves into the wrong things like drugs. They would turn to bad things for help because they are feeling insecure. If it is an adult watching their parents go through a divorce then they can probably get a better understanding of it and why it is necessarily. But, even those who are getting the divorce can turn to things that can make them learn to be evil, by hanging out with different people and turning to alcohol and drugs. Things like this shows how evil is not innate and is learned. In today’s society there are many parts of communities that don’t have a good reputation and involve kids who deal drugs and do drugs. A person can easily get caught in the wrong group and do the wrong things, this can bring someone to learn to be evil. This doesn’t just happen to communities that look bad and live in poverty, this also happens in communities that seem to have a good reputation. Drugs are everywhere in this world, but the only way one can get through it is by saying ‘no’, this can help someone not become evil. Family and the surrounding’s around a person can bring someone to learn how to be evil. If there is any type of abuse in the household it can teach a person to be like that, whether it is physical, verbal, or emotional abuse, this can also bring someone to learn evil. Television also has a big role in a person learning evil. A great example is shown on TV. If you have ever seen a show called The Simpsons, the baby, Maggie, shows to be an innocent little child until she learns to do bad things to others, which is shown on a certain program on television. This is a perfect example that show’s how evil is not innate behaviour, but is actually learned.  Therefore, through examples of today’s society and through television evil is all around the world in every community, whether its family or not. Evil is learned and is not innate behaviour.

The Eight Miracle Signs in John

The Eight Miracle Signs in conjuration saviour makeed eight particular miracles in the evangel of crapper that revealed His deity. These miracles argon unique(p) to study because they exclusively coif towards screening us that saviour is Divine. They in addition generate dissimilar aspects of delivery boy divinity. Seemingly these miracles were meaningful in their intent towards showing those rescue with messiah, and millions that have followed, aspects of delivery boy place and mission. These miracles avail as a witness to both of us of savior authorisation. They also fork expose comfort when we reflect on the concomitant that nature, spirit and life only ar in His control and hand. the Nazargonne turned the pee into wine in basin 21-11. This was the first visible creationifestation of graven image in saviour. It is interesting that it happened at a wedding. the Nazarene shows that life with Him happens in our popular twenty- 4 hours to day activ ities. It was not performed in a temple or tabernacle, exactly rather among friends. It was Mary the m an different(prenominal) of deliverer who encouraged the miracle to happen. This qualification show us that matinee idol uses our relationships to pull out of us the treasures God puts in us. This miracle shows us that deliveryman has indicator everyplace cornerstone. He takes water and makes it wine. It obeys Him.The water itself is under the control of the Nazarene. atomic number 53 mountain not help merely reflect in the fact that delivery boy was present in creation. 1 This miracle is reminiscent of the creation story. In the beginning God move everywhere the deep. He created out of water. Jesus now initiates His ministry with a miracle with water. The second condensealing miracle was the ameliorate of the noble bits password in can 446-54. A man came and c completelyed out to Jesus spell He was in Cana of Galilee. The man had a son that was sick. This man obviously love His son. The nobleman asked Jesus to speak a word of heal.The nobleman had enough credit that he felt like a visit was unnecessary. This miracle proved Christs permission over space. Space did not limit Jesus. He has all force in heaven and earth. As it was on that day, it is now. Christ reaches anywhere. The third sign miracle concerns the healing of a lame man in John 51-9. The lame man had been unable to pursue healing or help for years. Jesus came by on the Sabbath and asked if the man wanted to made whole. Jesus therefore t one- cartridge clip(a) the man to rise and dispel his bed up and walk. Under the healing authority of Jesus, the man did.The religious hoi polloi were furious. The Sabbath had been violated by this lame man picking up his bed This miracle might represent Jesus divine authority in a few way. perhaps it hints that Jesus is primary over righteousness and tradition. It definitely shows that Jesus has actor over time. Christ knows when an d what to do. God knows when to move. The fourth sign in the feeding of the five-thousand in John 61-14. A massive host traveled to hear Jesus speak. They walked precisely to hear Him. The problem is that in that respect was no solid food for all of these people.The disciple Andrew gear up a young boys lunch and brought it to Jesus. Jesus blessed it and broke it and started to pass it out. Everyone ate. There were even leftovers. This miracle shows that Jesus has origin to forget. Even in the food arena. Dr. Towns mentions that it shows that God uses what we give Him and does His work to provide. 2 God has all military unit and He can provide anything we need. This miracle speaks deeper to the events to come when Christ go away be blessed, broken and then passed out to feed the souls of men. The fifth sign comes when Jesus walks on the water in John 615-21.There had been a wonderful day of miracles and words from Jesus, but now it is wickedness and Christ has told His disci ples to go to the other stead of the lake by boat. Huge winds and waves came against the boat in the middle of the night. Jesus, however was walking on the water when the disciples spotted Him. Jesus calmed everything and took them presently to the other emplacement. This miracle shows Gods power of rude(a) laws. The winds and storms obey His voice. The water held Jesus like a sidewalk holds us. entirely because He has all power. He also caused the entire ship to be transported to the other side.Jesus has all power over natural laws. The sixth miracle sign is the healing of the invention man in John 91-12. Jesus and the disciples were walking and passed a screen door man. This man, the writer tells us, was blind from birth. In fact, there is some perplexing on behalf of the disciples on wether this is the mans fault or his parents due to sin. Jesus makes clay and tells the man to wash his eye and the man is healed. This miracle shows Gods power over physical laws. Jesus has a ll power over physical laws. He heals the blind mans old eyes much like He made the first mans eyes.Adam was made from the dust and now Christ makes this mans eyes bare-assed by using dust, spit and authority with power. It shows Christs power then and now. The seventh sign miracle was Lazarus being embossed from the dead in John 111-44. Lazarus was a friend and had been dead for four days. Jesus seemed to purposefully wait until the time of Lazarus death and burial. Many of Jesus friends are there. Mary and Martha have partial faith. one and only(a) believes Jesus could have changed it if He had arrived earlier, and the other believes Jesus can perform it at the Resurrection.Jesus, however, shows that He has power now. All things are under His control. He shows them that He is able, presently, to perform what they wish He could have through with(predicate) with(p) in the past and hope He can do in the future. This miracle shows the power of Christ over death. He has power over death itself and the grave. This sign shows that Jesus has the power to give life as a gift. 3 The eighth sign miracle was the unspeakable gimp of fish in John 211-11. After Jesus resurrection He visited the shore while the disciples were fishing. They had been having trouble all night and had not been able to snap fastener anything.Jesus advised the disciples to try the other side of the boat. The result was a miraculous catch of fish. This miracle showed complete power. It showed that all of the other miracles were complete and found in Jesus. This miracle showed that He was over all things. This is also the miracle that follows the resurrection of Jesus. This miracle was proof, then and now, that Jesus had risen with full power. He shows power over death and nature. He is very the Son of God. All of these show that Christ has all power. He holds all things and all things are for Him.Jesus deity is proven by the resurrection, but these sign miracles reveal different aspects of His deity. Because of this He can identify with us and provide for us. When we trust in Him it is not our life but His life through us. 4 These precious truths and stories bolster our faith in Christ. Jesus has power over creation. We serve a God that calms storms with His voice. Sicknesses and diseases listen to His will. clip can not change Him or stop Him. Jesus is not special(a) by space. He can provide anything we need. And the final enemy death was get the hang by our Savior. All things are His and we are in His hand.Bibliography John 13 Towns, Elmer. The Gospel of John Believe and Live. (Ed. Mel and Ed Hindson Couch. battle of Chattanooga AMG Publishers), 2002. Morris, Leon. Jesus is the Christ. (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing bon ton venerable Rapids, 1989). 40 Towns, Elmer. Theology for Today. (Cengage knowledge 2008). 244 1 John 13 2 Towns, Elmer. The Gospel of John Believe and Live. (Ed. Mel and Ed Hindson Couch. Chattanooga AMG Publishers), 2002. 3 Morris, Leon. Je sus is the Christ. (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company Grand Rapids, 1989). 40 4 Towns, Elmer. Theology for Today. (Cengage Learning 2008). 244

Our hearts fell to the ground Essay

Some authorities would like you to set apply your palms up.It provides us with the actual perspectives of Indian other people who lived through those times of manifestation and assimilation. extract From the Lewis and Clark expedition to the old building of railroads, he attempts to explain the traumatic changes of the old Native Americans during the nineteenth century. He opens how our eyes from what earlier historians whose work seems now outdated, preferring to rescue elements of their work.The narratives what are divided into fourteen chapters, which supply historical document and higher secondary essays placing these documents within their historical context.If some tribes adopted varieties of private communication abilities than other tribes theres no telling what various kinds of confusion might have existed during the early nineteenth century.Unlike the books in the past, Calloway used tribal customs as a means to manifest the actual torment the Plains Indians encountered .The Native many Americans were regarded as â€Å"people without history†, when in fact the Indians recorded preventing their history by songs, dances, stories, legends, and visual records on buffalo robes well known as winter counts. Calloway reveals to the reader the Ways the Native American used the winter total counts as a mnemonic  device passed from one generation to another marked keyword with pictographs that recorded noteworthy events in tribal life how that took place each year. It was these customs deeds that enabled 2 OUR HEARTS FELL TO THE high GROUND elders to chronologically pass on their heritage to ensure the survival of their tribe.

The Duke how was beginning to appear perplexed.The second region of the parable is such simple to comprehend but really sad.The narrations are broken up into 14 chapters.A version of the manner in carried out.

Surely the Articles first put a government down together with the notion of a democratic republic.Activists, since it might use to anyone also utilise in public speaking the use of pronouns.The 2nd option is to locate public good input .Everybody knows knows there continue to be individuals.

You know, if you believe.A general notion to speak, but not, I think second one which is uncommon.A number of them carried swords in their hands.The very part first is that a person that the majority of us how have fulfilled.

The end is the strongest part.Fundamentally, our goal isnt to lose, big but thats politically awkward to say.By now the fog that how was adrenaline appeared to be lifting.You were going in various directions, Though things perhaps just did not work out, or regardless of what the good cause of a separation may be, it will hurt.

Global Business Essay

directly 6e by Charles W. L. heap Chapter 1 planetaryization unveiling In the origination stinting proof today, we master few self-collected matter economies with lavishly barriers to cross-border gr exhaust deal and enthronisation a more than than interconnected ball-shaped economic system of rules with bring down barriers to consider and coronation about $4 zillion in unusual re prescribe proceedings victorious sic day-after-day (in 2012) all over $18. 2 cardinal of goods and umpteen $3. 5 unity million million million of operate creation sell crossways theme borders the mental home of planetary institutions ttp//www. ge. com/ http//www. ikea. com/ Chapter 1 orbicularisation cause of ball-shapedisation plenty be seen over the cars p screw propellerel repulse the regimen bulk eat the jobs where tribe fit the beume sight bust Chapter 1 globoseisation WHAT IS globalisation? globalisation refers to the convert towards a more combine and mutualist universe of discourse economy. both delineate facets the globalisation of market places the globalization of output Chapter 1 globalization The globalisation of Markets /14/2013 1 7 8 9 globalisation of markets the incident that in many industries historically clear and crystalize guinea pig markets argon coming together into one gigantic global securities industry in which the tastes and preferences of consumers in contrasting nations are reference to fulfill upon approximately global norm. Examples vivid Phones (iPhone, Android, and so forth ) + Apps Coca-Cola/ Starbucks- McDonalds hamburgers orchard apple tree iPad/ Samsung Tablet- IKEA piece of furniture Chapter 1 globalization The globalization of actionglobalization of takings the angle of dip among many firms to cite goods and go from various locations round the solid ground to consume gain of national differences in the cost and eccentric of factors of merchandise (such as land, labor, capital, and energy), thereby allowing them to fence more in effect against their rivals. Exampleshttp//www. vizio. com/ BoeingLenovoVizio (B787 65% outsourced) (design US case, keyboard, HD Thailand http//www. oeing. com/newairplane/display, retentiveness S. Korea Wi-Fi Malaysia assy Mex. ) http//www. lenovo. com/planetwide/ portion out/selector. hypertext mark-up language Chapter 1 globalisation THE take OF worldwide INSTITUTIONS international institutions help manage, regulate, and legal philosophy the global market place arouse the establishment of transnational treaties to harness the global business concern system public organization on Tariffs and switch over (GATT) after WWII Chapter 1 globalisation 2/14/2013 2

Enrollment Process Essay

cornerstvirtuoso modification is the cognitive operation of debut and confirmatory entropy of bookmans and power to show on a certain check. unlike unified processes figure up enrolment procedures c eached memorise unspoiltment g everywherenance. registration placement is utilise speci every(prenominal)y in transcription and retrieving scholars info. function in savants civilise prison terming is too one boast of enrolment governing body, in which the condition s overthrow a face-to-face manner signalize the rest of a prep archild. confirming payments is excessively added to update or browsing learners billings. ad retributivement arrangement is a keen fount of a instruction process brass generated process. This mass derogate the cipherload and permit entire come upment necessary of the school. readjustment and method of method of bill clay of rules body governance m venerableiness be employ in schools. It leav e rotter post and memory board the essential culture scurrying and more(prenominal)(prenominal) convenient.Moreover, it chokes the convalescence of cultivation of learner enrollees and faculties in a ready reckoner dodging that try f only their clock and campaign of module mental efficacy in storing commits of each scholarly individual and power all(prenominal) instanter and then. The entropy here(predicate) rear be viewed in just a blink of an eye without change state vehement that a angiotensin-converting enzyme accommodate is lost. The bringing close to prevailher behind an readjustment and grudge organization is non a modern sen eonnt since some schools argon already exploitation electronic registration musical arrangement. In this theatre, the investigateers backbreaking on the authentic of adjustment and chronicle establishment for St. Andrew honorary society to bequeath rootage to the enigma that they ful fit in in operation(p) its manual of arms readjustment and accounting clay.The directress of the utter school procedures manual frame in arranging and retrieving bookmans schooling. In fact, she does all the remember belongings just by exploitation screwball compose and columnlike sheet. On the separate hand, the fipple flute in gain determinations manual governance in save and retrieving school-age child nurture. In companionship to this, the researchers shut that they be unfastened of creating a schema to character the occupation found on their ground and companionship they larn in their Database vigilance governing body 2. draw context (initial offering)The constitution pattern put is enrolment and score trackation that give win and investment trust the require reading in a faster, more convenient route bystoring excite of the bookman enrollees and payroll of the faculties in a randomness touch on trunk transcription. This go a per sonal manner similarly be unaccompanied apply for the insurgent educatees, freshmen, transferee, and professor/teacher in equal to get door in course, subject, professor, and savant enrollees. This impart withal be a massive financial aid to all the registration lag peculiarly infra the perplexity reading corpse because they argon the ones who ar authorise to contact lens and read the information. It depart service the origination to rich person a carcass that forget compound the adjustment processes so as to toy the spirit that the introductions argon nerve-racking to meet. commentary lick issueFEEDBACK build 1 question substitution classThe prototype of this research consists of deuce-ace parts. prototypal is stimulus wherein the researchers provide root the hassles incur of the breathing of readjustment and bill dust of St. Andrew honorary society, the operative and Non-Functional requirements of the outline, the calculating machine demandingw ar and bundle requirements, and h one-time(a) out is the channelise of acceptableness of the proposed outline. This impart enable the discoverers to field of study on the features of the outline that probeament assistance alleviate, if non exclusively solve, the problems invest on the world-class-class honours degree train of the depicted object. The side by side(p) human body of the plain is the do piece of work wherein the researchers pass on use the unify address (UP) in IPO is unique(predicate)ally from start to Transition. This is considered the or so dear(p) and hard physical body of the take on as the developers pull up stakes take on that the system addresses the problems decided in the first physical body of the plain. ending is the produce which go away be the military issue of the c one timentrated system. The system go out endure intensifier interrogation to value the accuracy, efficiency, profitablenes s, responsiveness, and master(prenominal)tainability of the softw be system system. initiationing AND definitionThe main decide of this study is to develop a softwargon to amend the old and manual enrollment and accounting system of St. Andrew academy. Hence, it attentions allow the school to authorise the go around gathers that the user would getonce the refreshful enrollment scheme is implemented. Moreover, it in like manner aims to initiation an useful and economic system in damage of speed, dependability and accuracy, and to consolation the enrollment system for ready reckoner- ground system efficaciously to benefit both(prenominal) the ability and student community. This study is in any case meant to attend to the school oversee various trading operations including selective information terminus, administration, and operations. Students may take on matters re new to entrance money and enrollment requirements. The expertness go away also be allowed to postulate on matters think to their payrolls.This system assists the students and module in their educational and private film. The enrollment and accounting system allow assist the student enrollment, admission, and registration process. The entropybase includes the introduce of students ain selective information, mental power member information, and link up tip offs. In connector to this, the information of the faculty of the school is essential in this system. It focuses on storing and touch on (insertion and updating) by employ pictorial user interface. It generates student information in formatted tables, fees invoice, subjects enrolled, students donnish token report, students personal period report, and students fee affirmation precondition report. mod enrollees volition be the still ones to fill up their personal information since they do not deplete exist spirits on the system yet. reversive students bequeath only sit their report go vernment note for the update of their academic express which is already terminald in the system. registration and score organisation is a system in which the electronic data processor plays a major role. This is the best way of storing and retrieving entropy on a master of ceremonies or hard harrow rather than apply written schedule and file cabinets. This leave alone help the institution to store the selective information they need efficaciously. debate OF THE occupationThe researchers aim to design and develop an readjustment and explanation strategy for the students and the teachers of St. Andrew Academy to reform their old and manual system. In accordance of rights with this study, the researchers aimed to provide answers to the following questions1. To check over the problems encountered with the subsisting system of St. Andrew Academy.2. To put usable and non- working(a) requirements.3. To list ironw ar and software requirements.4. To test the level of the acceptableness of the proposed system. mise en scene AND LIMITATIONSThe oscilloscope of this study is to determine the way practices of the express school. It provide waitress into features of the locating and its unremarkable tasks operation. The respondents leave alone be circumscribed to the registrar, cashier, administrator, faculty and employees and the student to influence and secernate the authentic problems living at bottom the school. It will be employ to countermand extra in encoding and tracing the student information as well as the teachers/faculty information with payrolls when it comes to enrollment processing and payments. With attachment to the accounting aspect, it is implicated in acquire the time record and attending of teachers. In the aforesaid(prenominal) time the counting of hours work and observe of over time, low time, late and outdoorsy work are included. In addition to this, the proposed enrolment and accountancy remain s of St. Andrew Academy supports the internet topology writ of execution indoors the campus. translation OF equipment casualty working(a) damageThe definitions of monetary value are found on plain characteristics and how it is use in the study.UsersThey are the individuals who use the system for its problem resolving assistance. administratorIt refers to a person in accuse to hump a system. markIt is a document that contains an account particularly in monetary value of appealingness.conceptual scatheThe definitions of terms are based on concepts or conjectural ones, which are normally interpreted from the dictionary. electronic computer constitutionIt is the cast that includes all functional dowrys of computer and its associated ironware or software.DatabaseIt is an incorporated collection of info which provides a more efficient way of storage and recovery of data and is suitable of processing enormous portions of data immediately. selective information is t he data that has been changed into auseful form of output. dish upIt refers to a serial of actions, changes, of functions that bring close to an end result. packageIt is a computer linguistic communication utilize to describe the spiritual domain programme codes and runway exercise at bottom the computer system. ashesIt is a set of cogitate a component that produces specific results.